Constraints on systems development may include such factors as:
A. available financial and human resources.
B. elements of the current system...
Constraints on systems development may include such factors as:
Which of the following is a true statement?
Which of the following is a true statement?
A. Mandatory features screen out possible solutions; essential features are the important capabilities...
System features might include:
System features might include:
A. data kept in system files.
B. system outputs.
C. analyses to generate the information in system outputs.
D....
Identifying mandatory features by surveying users and other stakeholders who have been involved in requirements determination would occur:
Identifying mandatory features by surveying users and other stakeholders who have been involved in requirements determination would occur:
A....
Features that everyone agrees are necessary to solve the problem or meet the opportunity are called:
Features that everyone agrees are necessary to solve the problem or meet the opportunity are called:
A. desired features.
B. essential features.
C....
The minimum requirements for the new system are called:
The minimum requirements for the new system are called:
A. essential features.
B. desired features.
C. minimum features.
D. mandatory features.
E....
Which of the following types of alternatives represent compromise solutions?
Which of the following types of alternatives represent compromise solutions?
A. Low-end alternatives
B. High-end alternatives
C. Midrange alternatives
D....
The alternative that goes beyond simply solving the problem in question and focuses instead on systems that contain many extra features users may desire is referred to as a:
The alternative that goes beyond simply solving the problem in question and focuses instead on systems that contain many extra features users may desire...
The most conservative solutions in terms of the effort, cost, and technology involved in developing a new system are the:
The most conservative solutions in terms of the effort, cost, and technology involved in developing a new system are the:
A. low-end solutions.
B....
A good number of alternatives to generate is:
A good number of alternatives to generate is:
A. 3.
B. 2.
C. 4.
D. 5.
E. 7.
Answer:...
Which of the following is a true statement regarding high-end alternatives?
Which of the following is a true statement regarding high-end alternatives?
A. High-end alternative design strategies often do not involve computer...
Which of the following is a true statement regarding midrange alternatives?
Which of the following is a true statement regarding midrange alternatives?
A. Midrange alternative design strategies often do not involve computer...
In theory, if there are four sources of application software, two implementation environments, and three sets of requirements, how many design strategies are possible?
In theory, if there are four sources of application software, two implementation environments, and three sets of requirements, how many design strategies...
Shaping alternative system design strategies involves:
Shaping alternative system design strategies involves:
A. enumerating different potential implementation environments.
B. proposing different...
Enumerating different potential implementation environments that could be used to deliver the different sets of capabilities occurs during the:
Enumerating different potential implementation environments that could be used to deliver the different sets of capabilities occurs during the:
A....
Dividing requirements into different sets of capabilities, ranging from the bare minimum that users would accept to the most elaborate and advanced system the company could afford to develop occurs during the:
Dividing requirements into different sets of capabilities, ranging from the bare minimum that users would accept to the most elaborate and advanced...
Determining requirements and structuring requirements are associated with:
Determining requirements and structuring requirements are associated with:
A. systems selection.
B. systems implementation and operation.
C....
A particular approach to developing an information system best describes:
A particular approach to developing an information system best describes:
A. design strategy.
B. problem statement.
C. requirements statement.
D....
Which of the following includes statements on the system's functionality, hardware and system software platform, and method for acquisition?
Which of the following includes statements on the system's functionality, hardware and system software platform, and method for acquisition?
A....
Selecting the best alternative system involves:
Selecting the best alternative system involves:
A. generating a comprehensive set of alternative design strategies.
B. selecting the alternative...
During which of the following steps will you bring the current phase to a close, prepare a report and presentation to management concerning continuation of the project, and get ready to move the project into design?
During which of the following steps will you bring the current phase to a close, prepare a report and presentation to management concerning continuation...
A relationship that the data modeler chooses to model as an entity type best defines:
A relationship that the data modeler chooses to model as an entity type best defines:
A. recursive relationship.
B. associative entity.
C. domain.
D....
A "many" maximum cardinality is noted on the E-R diagram by:
A "many" maximum cardinality is noted on the E-R diagram by:
A. placing a crow's foot notation near the entity.
B. placing a zero through the...
If entity B is a mandatory participant, then:
If entity B is a mandatory participant, then:
A. the minimum cardinality of the relationship is two.
B. the minimum cardinality of the relationship...
The minimum number of instances of entity B that may be associated with each instance of entity A defines the:
The minimum number of instances of entity B that may be associated with each instance of entity A defines the:
A. degree of the relationship.
B....
The number of instances of entity B that can (or must be associated with each instance of entity A refers to:
The number of instances of entity B that can (or must be associated with each instance of entity A refers to:
A. cardinality.
B. domain.
C....
A simultaneous relationship among instances of three entity types is a:
A simultaneous relationship among instances of three entity types is a:
A. unary relationship.
B. binary relationship.
C. ternary relationship.
D....
A relationship between instances of two entity types is a:
A relationship between instances of two entity types is a:
A. unary relationship.
B. binary relationship.
C. ternary relationship.
D. multiple...
A ternary relationship occurs when a simultaneous relationship exists among instances of:
A ternary relationship occurs when a simultaneous relationship exists among instances of:
A. the same entity.
B. two entity types.
C. three...
If STUDENT and COURSE participate in a relationship, this is an example of a:
If STUDENT and COURSE participate in a relationship, this is an example of a:
A. unary relationship.
B. coupled relationship.
C. binary relationship.
D....
The number of entity types that participate in a relationship refers to:
The number of entity types that participate in a relationship refers to:
A. cardinality.
B. association.
C. count.
D. degree.
E. normalization.
Answer:...
A relationship between the instances of one entity type is a:
A relationship between the instances of one entity type is a:
A. unary relationship.
B. binary relationship.
C. ternary relationship.
D. singular...
Which of the following is a true statement?
Which of the following is a true statement?
A. The goal of conceptual data modeling is to capture as much of the meaning of data as is possible.
B....
An association between the instances of one or more entity types that is of interest to the organization best defines:
An association between the instances of one or more entity types that is of interest to the organization best defines:
A. occurrence.
B. relationship.
C....
A set of two or more multivalued attributes that are logically related defines:
A set of two or more multivalued attributes that are logically related defines:
A. relationship.
B. associative entity.
C. repeating group.
D....
If each employee can have more than one skill, then skill is referred to as a:
If each employee can have more than one skill, then skill is referred to as a:
A. gerund.
B. multivalued attribute.
C. nonexclusive attribute.
D....
An attribute that can have more than one value for each entity instance is referred to as:
An attribute that can have more than one value for each entity instance is referred to as:
A. a gerund.
B. a multivalued attribute.
C. a nonexclusive...
On an entity-relationship diagram, the entity's identifier is:
On an entity-relationship diagram, the entity's identifier is:
A. identified by using a double-lined ellipse.
B. underlined on an E-R diagram.
C....
A candidate key that has been selected as the unique, identifying characteristic for an entity type is called a:
A candidate key that has been selected as the unique, identifying characteristic for an entity type is called a:
A. attribute.
B. identifier.
C....
When selecting an identifier, one should:
When selecting an identifier, one should:
A. use intelligent keys.
B. use large composite keys instead of single-attribute surrogate keys.
C....
An attribute (or combination of attributes that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type defines:
An attribute (or combination of attributes that uniquely identifies each instance of an entity type defines:
A. data element occurrence.
B....
Vehicle identification number, color, weight, and horsepower best exemplify:
Vehicle identification number, color, weight, and horsepower best exemplify:
A. entities.
B. entity types.
C. data markers.
D. identifiers.
E....
A named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization defines:
A named property or characteristic of an entity that is of interest to the organization defines:
A. attribute.
B. relationship.
C. instance.
D....
Which of the following is a true statement?
Which of the following is a true statement?
A. Data entities correspond to sources/sinks on a data flow diagram.
B. Relationships correspond...
A single occurrence of an entity type defines:
A single occurrence of an entity type defines:
A. entity instance.
B. entity appearance.
C. attribute.
D. data element.
E. multivalued attribute.
Answer:...
A collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics best defines:
A collection of entities that share common properties or characteristics best defines:
A. entity type.
B. entity instance.
C. entity occurrence.
D....
A renewal is an example of a:
A renewal is an example of a:
A. data element.
B. attribute.
C. entity.
D. relationship.
E. action stub.
Answer:...
A product is an example of a:
A product is an example of a:
A. data element.
B. attribute.
C. entity.
D. relationship.
E. process.
Answer:...
A person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data refers to a:
A person, place, object, event, or concept in the user environment about which the organization wishes to maintain data refers to a:
A. attribute.
B....
On an entity-relationship diagram, a rectangle represents a:
On an entity-relationship diagram, a rectangle represents a:
A. data flow.
B. entity.
C. multivalued attribute.
D. repeating group.
E. relationship.
Answer:...
A detailed, logical, and graphical representation of the entities, associations, and data elements for an organization or business area best describes a:
A detailed, logical, and graphical representation of the entities, associations, and data elements for an organization or business area best describes...
Asking system users and business managers "Is each activity or event always handled the same way or are there special circumstances?" helps determine:
Asking system users and business managers "Is each activity or event always handled the same way or are there special circumstances?" helps determine:
A....
Asking system users and managers "Who is responsible for establishing legitimate values for these data?" helps determine:
Asking system users and managers "Who is responsible for establishing legitimate values for these data?" helps determine:
A. the candidate key.
B....
Asking system users and business managers "How many instances of each object might exist?" would help determine:
Asking system users and business managers "How many instances of each object might exist?" would help determine:
A. the data entities and their...
Reviewing computer screens, reports, and business forms for the purpose of gaining an understanding of data is indicative of the:
Reviewing computer screens, reports, and business forms for the purpose of gaining an understanding of data is indicative of the:
A. investigative...
Gathering the information you need for data modeling by reviewing specific business documents handled within the system describes the:
Gathering the information you need for data modeling by reviewing specific business documents handled within the system describes the:
A. bottom-up...
The data modeling perspective that derives the business rules for a data model from an intimate understanding of the nature of the business, rather than from any specific information requirements in screens, reports, or business forms, is referred to as the:
The data modeling perspective that derives the business rules for a data model from an intimate understanding of the nature of the business, rather...
Which of the following is a true statement?
Which of the following is a true statement?
A. A data model explains what the organization does and what rules govern how work is done in the...
Which of the following is produced and analyzed during conceptual data modeling?
Which of the following is produced and analyzed during conceptual data modeling?
A. An entity relationship diagram for the project's application
B....
The primary deliverable from the conceptual data-modeling step within the analysis phase is:
The primary deliverable from the conceptual data-modeling step within the analysis phase is:
A. a state-transition diagram.
B. an entity-relationship...
During systems implementation and operation:
During systems implementation and operation:
A. a conceptual data model (E-R with attributes is prepared.
B. a logical model (relational is...
During systems design:
During systems design:
A. a conceptual data model (E-R with attributes is prepared.
B. a logical model (relational is prepared.
C. a conceptual...
During systems planning and selection:
During systems planning and selection:
A. a conceptual data model (E-R with attributes) is prepared.
B. a logical model (relational) is prepared.
C....
During systems analysis:
During systems analysis:
A. a conceptual data model (E-R with attributes) is prepared.
B. a logical model (relational) is prepared.
C. physical...
The most common format used for data modeling is:
The most common format used for data modeling is:
A. state-transition diagramming.
B. entity-relationship diagramming.
C. process modeling.
D....
Process, logic, and data-model descriptions of a system must be consistent and complete since:
Process, logic, and data-model descriptions of a system must be consistent and complete since:
A. they each describe different but complementary...
Conceptual data modeling is typically done in parallel with other requirements analysis and structuring steps during:
Conceptual data modeling is typically done in parallel with other requirements analysis and structuring steps during:
A. systems planning and...
Which of the following is a true statement?
Which of the following is a true statement?
A. Data characteristics are dynamic.
B. A data model explains the transient form of an organization.
C....
Some systems developers believe that a data model is the most important part of the statement of information system requirements because:
Some systems developers believe that a data model is the most important part of the statement of information system requirements because:
A....
The types of customers to be supported by Pine Valley Furniture's new WebStore include:
The types of customers to be supported by Pine Valley Furniture's new WebStore include:
A. corporate customers.
B. home office customers.
C....
Disruptive technologies include:
Disruptive technologies include:
A. distributed databases.
B. expert systems.
C. decision support tools.
D. automatic identification and tracking...
Which of the following technologies disrupted the business rule of you having to find out where things are?
Which of the following technologies disrupted the business rule of you having to find out where things are?
A. Distributed databases
B. Expert...
Which of the following technologies disrupted the business rule that information can appear only in one place at a time?
Which of the following technologies disrupted the business rule that information can appear only in one place at a time?
A. High-performance...
Technologies that enable the breaking of long-held business rules that inhibit organizations from making radical business changes best defines:
Technologies that enable the breaking of long-held business rules that inhibit organizations from making radical business changes best defines:
A....
Which of the following system requirement determination techniques can be applied to discovering and understanding key business processes?
Which of the following system requirement determination techniques can be applied to discovering and understanding key business processes?
A....
The structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market best defines:
The structured, measured set of activities designed to produce a specific output for a particular customer or market best defines:
A. formal...
The search for, and implementation of, radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services best defines:
The search for, and implementation of, radical change in business processes to achieve breakthrough improvements in products and services best defines:
A....
Prototyping is most useful for requirements determination when:
Prototyping is most useful for requirements determination when:
A. user requirements are well understood.
B. communication problems have existed...
Drawbacks to prototyping include:
Drawbacks to prototyping include:
A. a tendency to avoid creating formal documentation of systems requirements which can then make the system...
The person who makes detailed notes of the happenings at a joint application design session is referred to as the:
The person who makes detailed notes of the happenings at a joint application design session is referred to as the:
A. JAD analyst.
B. scribe.
C....
Which of the following JAD participants use the system in question and provide insight into new organizational directions, motivations for and organizational impacts of systems, and support for requirements determined during the JAD?
Which of the following JAD participants use the system in question and provide insight into new organizational directions, motivations for and organizational...
The trained individual who plans and leads joint application design sessions is referred to as the:
The trained individual who plans and leads joint application design sessions is referred to as the:
A. scribe.
B. session leader.
C. manager.
D....
The typical participants in a JAD include:
The typical participants in a JAD include:
A. a session leader.
B. a scribe.
C. a sponsor.
D. systems analysts.
E. all of the above.
Answer:...
When comparing observations and document analysis:
When comparing observations and document analysis:
A. the time required to conduct observations compared to document analysis is low.
B. the...
Which of the following is a true statement regarding JAD?
Which of the following is a true statement regarding JAD?
A. A working system is the end result of a JAD.
B. JAD sessions are usually conducted...
Which of the following is a modern method for collecting system requirements?
Which of the following is a modern method for collecting system requirements?
A. Interviewing
B. Questionnaires
C. Observations
D. Joint application...
When reviewing job procedures, you may find:
When reviewing job procedures, you may find:
A. a missing procedure.
B. duplicate procedures.
C. out of date procedures.
D. a contradiction...
A report:
A report:
A. indicates the inputs required for the new system.
B. describes how a particular job or task is performed, including data and information...
Forms are most useful:
Forms are most useful:
A. when they do not contain any data.
B. during the initial planning stages.
C. when they contain actual organizational...
Forms are important for understanding a business because they:
Forms are important for understanding a business because they:
A. indicate the correct sequencing of tasks.
B. describe how particular tasks...
The way a system actually works is referred to as a:
The way a system actually works is referred to as a:
A. unofficial system.
B. informal system.
C. actual system.
D. formal system.
E. secondary...
The official way a system works as described in organizational documentation is referred to as a:
The official way a system works as described in organizational documentation is referred to as a:
A. formal system.
B. informal system.
C. official...
If your analysis of several written procedures reveals a duplication of effort in two jobs, you should:
If your analysis of several written procedures reveals a duplication of effort in two jobs, you should:
A. indicate that one job be deleted...
A written work procedure:
A written work procedure:
A. indicates the job an analyst will need to perform on a given project.
B. describes how a particular job or task...
The analysis of documents can help you identify:
The analysis of documents can help you identify:
A. problems with existing systems.
B. special information processing circumstances that occur...
Which of the following is a reason for directly observing end users?
Which of the following is a reason for directly observing end users?
A. The analyst gets a snapshot image of the person or task being observed.
B....
Good interview guidelines consist of:
Good interview guidelines consist of:
A. phrasing the question to illicit the correct response.
B. typing your notes within two weeks of the...
Rating a response or idea on some scale, say from strongly agree to strongly disagree, would be classified as a:
Rating a response or idea on some scale, say from strongly agree to strongly disagree, would be classified as a:
A. open-ended question.
B....
Which of the following is an advantage of closed-ended questions?
Which of the following is an advantage of closed-ended questions?
A. Interviews based on closed-ended questions do not necessarily require a...
Which of the following can be considered an advantage of closed-ended questions?
Which of the following can be considered an advantage of closed-ended questions?
A. The interviewer can explore unexpected lines of inquiry.
B....
Questions in interviews and on questionnaires asking those responding to choose from among a set of specified responses are:
Questions in interviews and on questionnaires asking those responding to choose from among a set of specified responses are:
A. specific questions.
B....
Which of the following can be considered an advantage of open-ended questions?
Which of the following can be considered an advantage of open-ended questions?
A. The interviewer can explore unexpected lines of inquiry.
B....
One advantage of open-ended questions in an interview is:
One advantage of open-ended questions in an interview is:
A. a significant amount of time can be devoted to each interviewee.
B. the interviewee...
Questions in interviews and on questionnaires that have no prespecified answers are:
Questions in interviews and on questionnaires that have no prespecified answers are:
A. nonspecific questions.
B. closed-ended questions.
C....
Which of the following is a traditional method of collecting systems requirements?
Which of the following is a traditional method of collecting systems requirements?
A. Business process reengineering
B. Observations
C. Joint...
Traditional methods of collecting systems requirements include:
Traditional methods of collecting systems requirements include:
A. interviews.
B. agile methodologies.
C. joint application design.
D. rapid...
Techniques developed to keep the analysis effort minimal, yet still effective include:
Techniques developed to keep the analysis effort minimal, yet still effective include:
A. JAD.
B. interviewing.
C. observations.
D. document...
The term that refers to systems development projects bogged down in an abundance of analysis work is:
The term that refers to systems development projects bogged down in an abundance of analysis work is:
A. information overload.
B. analysis paralysis.
C....
The purpose of requirements structuring is to:
The purpose of requirements structuring is to:
A. enable the analysts to gather information on what the system should do from as many sources...
Which of the following are organizational components that a systems analyst needs to understand?
Which of the following are organizational components that a systems analyst needs to understand?
A. Key events affecting data values and when...
The primary deliverables from requirements determination include:
The primary deliverables from requirements determination include:
A. observation notes.
B. interview transcripts.
C. analysis from documents.
D....
The reframing characteristic of a good systems analyst is represented by which of the following statements?
The reframing characteristic of a good systems analyst is represented by which of the following statements?
A. You must challenge yourself to...
Ensuring that every fact fits with every other fact best describes:
Ensuring that every fact fits with every other fact best describes:
A. the impertinence characteristic a systems analyst needs during requirements...
Questioning everything best describes:
Questioning everything best describes:
A. the impertinence characteristic a systems analyst needs during requirements determination.
B. the...
Assuming anything is possible and eliminating the infeasible best describes:
Assuming anything is possible and eliminating the infeasible best describes:
A. the impertinence characteristic a systems analyst needs during...
The impartiality characteristic of a good systems analyst is represented by which of the following statements?
The impartiality characteristic of a good systems analyst is represented by which of the following statements?
A. You must challenge yourself...
The impertinence characteristic of a good systems analyst is represented by which of the following statements?
The impertinence characteristic of a good systems analyst is represented by which of the following statements?
A. You must challenge yourself...
Analysts gathering information from as many sources as possible about what the new system should do is indicative of:
Analysts gathering information from as many sources as possible about what the new system should do is indicative of:
A. requirements determination.
B....
Which of the following is a subphase of analysis?
Which of the following is a subphase of analysis?
A. Project identification
B. Project planning
C. Requirements determination
D. Database design
E....
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