The kind of document shown in the accompanying figure starts with a heading, which should include all except which of the following ____.

The kind of document shown in the accompanying figure starts with a heading, which should include all except which of the following ____.

a. a brief statement of purpose
b. your suggestions
c. your signature
d. your observations




Answer: A

In projects where it is desirable to obtain input from a large number of people, a(n) ____, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, can be a valuable tool.

In projects where it is desirable to obtain input from a large number of people, a(n) ____, such as that shown in the accompanying figure, can be a valuable tool.

a. interview
b. questionnaire
c. sample
d. research report


Answer: B

Software such as Microsoft OneNote is a type of ____ software.

Software such as Microsoft OneNote is a type of ____ software.

a. PIM
b. Personal data management
c. Project data management
d. PDA


Answer: C

A category of information management software or programs designed for the large amount of information generated by an IT project is called _____.

A category of information management software or programs designed for the large amount of information generated by an IT project is called _____.

a. PIM
b. Project data management
c. PDA
d. Personal data management



Answer: A

Some ____, such as Microsoft Outlook, include a personal calendar, a to-do list, and powerful contact management features.

Some ____, such as Microsoft Outlook, include a personal calendar, a to-do list, and powerful contact management features.

a. PIMs
b. laptops
c. PDAs
d. Visios


Answer: A

A common tool for showing the distribution of a questionnaire or sampling results is a vertical bar chart called a(n) ____.

A common tool for showing the distribution of a questionnaire or sampling results is a vertical bar chart called a(n) ____.

a. flowchart
b. histogram
c. agile method
d. Venn diagram



Answer: B

When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a ____ might select any 20 customers.

When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a ____ might select any 20 customers.

a. systematic sample
b. stratified sample
c. random sample
d. comprehensive sample




Answer: C

When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a ____ could ensure the sample is balanced geographically by selecting five customers from each of four zip codes.

When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a ____ could ensure the sample is balanced geographically by selecting five customers from each of four zip codes.

a. systematic sample
b. stratified sample
c. random sample
d. comprehensive sample


Answer: B

When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a ____ might select every tenth customer for review.

When preparing a representative sample from a list of 200 customers who complained about errors in their statements, a ____ might select every tenth customer for review.

a. systematic sample
b. stratified sample
c. random sample
d. comprehensive sample



Answer: A

When studying an information system, examples of actual documents should be collected using a process called ____.

When studying an information system, examples of actual documents should be collected using a process called ____.

a. stratification
b. randomization
c. indexing
d. sampling




Answer: D

If an interviewee gives only short or incomplete responses to open-ended questions, a systems analyst should do which of the following ____.

If an interviewee gives only short or incomplete responses to open-ended questions, a systems analyst should do which of the following ____.

a. switch to closed-ended questions
b. give the interviewee easy access to supporting material that might be needed
c. continue using open-ended questions
d. rudely conclude the meeting



Answer: A

Supporters of neutral locations for interviews believe that it ____.

Supporters of neutral locations for interviews believe that it ____.

a. makes the interviewee feel comfortable during the meeting
b. gives the interviewee easy access to supporting material that might be needed
c. keeps interruptions to a minimum so people can concentrate fully
d. gives the interviewee opportunity to take calls during the interview




Answer: C

In an interview, ____ are questions that ask a person to evaluate something by providing limited answers to specific responses or on a numeric scale.

In an interview, ____ are questions that ask a person to evaluate something by providing limited answers to specific responses or on a numeric scale.

a. open-ended questions
b. closed-ended questions
c. leading questions
d. range-of-response questions


Answer: D

In an interview, ____ limit or restrict the response.

In an interview, ____ limit or restrict the response.

a. open-ended questions
b. closed-ended questions
c. leading questions
d. range-of-response questions




Answer: B

In an interview, ____ encourage spontaneous and unstructured responses.

In an interview, ____ encourage spontaneous and unstructured responses.

a. open-ended questions
b. closed-ended questions
c. leading questions
d. range-of-response questions




Answer: A

In a(n) ____ structure, which usually is based on interpersonal relationships, some people have more influence or knowledge than appears on an organization chart.

In a(n) ____ structure, which usually is based on interpersonal relationships, some people have more influence or knowledge than appears on an organization chart.

a. spontaneous
b. unstructured
c. informal
d. open-ended

Answer: C

In addition to direct costs, systems developers must identify and document indirect expenses that contribute to the ____.

In addition to direct costs, systems developers must identify and document indirect expenses that contribute to the ____.

a. TCO
b. REJ
c. FDD
d. UML



Answer: A

The term ____ refers to a system's ability to handle increased business volume and transactions in the future.

The term ____ refers to a system's ability to handle increased business volume and transactions in the future.

a. scalability
b. reliability
c. compatibility
d. applicability




Answer: A

To evaluate ____, a systems analyst needs information about projected future volume for all outputs, inputs, and processes.

To evaluate ____, a systems analyst needs information about projected future volume for all outputs, inputs, and processes.

a. scalability
b. reliability
c. compatibility
d. applicability




Answer: A

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the control category.

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the control category.

a. The customer analysis system must produce a quarterly report that identifies changes in ordering patterns
b. The system must maintain separate levels of security for users and the system administrator
c. The data entry screens must be uniform, except for background color, which can be changed by the user
d. The warehouse distribution system must analyze daily orders and create a routing pattern for delivery trucks

Answer: B

__ is a typical example of a system requirement for the performance category.

__ is a typical example of a system requirement for the performance category.

a. The purchasing system must provide suppliers with up-to-date specifications
b. Each input form must include date, time, product code, customer number, and quantity
c. The manager of the sales department must approve orders that exceed a customer's credit limit
d. The student records system must produce class lists within five hours after the end of registration

Answer: D

___ is a typical example of a system requirement for the process category.

___ is a typical example of a system requirement for the process category.

a. The Web site must report online volume statistics every four hours and hourly during peak periods
b. The system must be operated seven days a week, 365 days a year
c. The equipment rental system must not execute new rental transactions for customers who have overdue tapes
d. All transactions must have audit trails





Answer: C

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the input category.

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the input category.

a. As a final step in year-end processing, the payroll system must update employee salaries, bonuses, and benefits
b. Response time must not exceed four seconds
c. The system must provide log-on security at the operating system level and at the application level
d. Student grades must be entered on machine-scannable forms prepared by the instructor

Answer: D

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the output category.

____ is a typical example of a system requirement for the output category.

a. Manufacturing employees must swipe their ID cards into data collection terminals that record labor costs
b. The contact management system must generate a daily reminder list for all sales reps
c. The student records system must allow record access by either the student name or the student number
d. The system must support 25 users simultaneously




Answer: B

Which of the following is a general category of system requirements?

Which of the following is a general category of system requirements?

a. daily reports
b. inputs
c. response time
d. login security



Answer: B

A(n) ____ diagram shows the timing of interactions between objects as they occur.

A(n) ____ diagram shows the timing of interactions between objects as they occur.

a. timing
b. ordering
c. orientation
d. sequence




Answer: D

In a use case diagram, the user becomes a(n) ____, with a specific role that describes how he or she interacts with a system.

In a use case diagram, the user becomes a(n) ____, with a specific role that describes how he or she interacts with a system.

a. agent
b. actor
c. interlocutor
d. master




Answer: B

A ____ is a UML technique that visually represents the interaction between users and an information system.

A ____ is a UML technique that visually represents the interaction between users and an information system.

a. TCO
b. data schematic
c. use case diagram
d. user-based flowchart



Answer: C

The ____ is a widely used method of visualizing and documenting software systems design.

The ____ is a widely used method of visualizing and documenting software systems design.

a. UML
b. TCO
c. FDD
d. REJ




Answer: A

A(n) ____ is a top-down representation of a function or a process.

A(n) ____ is a top-down representation of a function or a process.

a. UML
b. TCO
c. FDD
d. REJ




Answer: C

Using a(n) ____, an analyst can show business functions and break them down into lower-level functions and processes.

Using a(n) ____, an analyst can show business functions and break them down into lower-level functions and processes.

a. UML
b. TCO
c. FDD
d. REJ




Answer: C

In a(n) ____, team members prepare to lunge at each other to achieve their objectives.

In a(n) ____, team members prepare to lunge at each other to achieve their objectives.

a. dodge
b. resequencing
c. scrum
d. adaptation




Answer: C

The primary advantage of RAD is that ____.

The primary advantage of RAD is that ____.

a. systems can be developed more quickly with significant cost savings
b. the company's strategic business needs are emphasized and the mechanics of the system are not stressed
c. the decelerated time cycle allows more time to develop quality, consistency, and design standards
d. systems are developed more slowly with fewer bugs

Answer: A

RAD relies heavily on ____.

RAD relies heavily on ____.

a. prototyping
b. management direction
c. agile methods
d. Scrum




Answer: A

___ are especially important to a systems analyst who must work with people at all organizational levels, balance conflicting needs of users, and communicate effectively.

___ are especially important to a systems analyst who must work with people at all organizational levels, balance conflicting needs of users, and communicate effectively.

a. Analytical skills
b. Artistic skills
c. Interpersonal skills
d. Confrontational skills




Answer: C

Greater user involvement in the system development process usually results in ____.

Greater user involvement in the system development process usually results in ____.

a. poorer communication
b. more satisfied users
c. slower development times
d. lower quality deliverable



Answer: B

___ enable a systems analyst to identify a problem, evaluate the key elements, and develop a useful solution.

___ enable a systems analyst to identify a problem, evaluate the key elements, and develop a useful solution.

a. Analytical skills
b. Artistic skills
c. Interpersonal skills
d. Confrontational skills



Answer: A

One of the main activities in the systems analysis phase is ____ modeling, which involves fact-finding to describe the current system and identification requirements for the new system.

One of the main activities in the systems analysis phase is ____ modeling, which involves fact-finding to describe the current system and identification requirements for the new system.

a. objective
b. requirements
c. goal-based
d. user-based



Answer: B

The ____ phase of the SDLC includes four main activities: requirements modeling, data and process modeling, object modeling, and consideration of development strategies.

The ____ phase of the SDLC includes four main activities: requirements modeling, data and process modeling, object modeling, and consideration of development strategies.

a. systems planning
b. systems analysis
c. systems design
d. systems implementation



Answer: B

A project triangle shows three legs: _____.

A project triangle shows three legs: _____.

a. project cost, scope, and time
b. project cost, size, and scope
c. project size, scope, and time
d. project size, cost, and time



Answer: A

When a project manager first recognizes that a project is in trouble, the options available to her include ____.

When a project manager first recognizes that a project is in trouble, the options available to her include ____.

a. expanding the project requirements
b. delaying the project deadline
c. reducing the project resources
d. eliminating controls and procedures




Answer: B

Problems with timetables and project milestones can indicate ____.

Problems with timetables and project milestones can indicate ____.

a. recognition of task dependencies
b. continuity of project personnel
c. good control methods
d. personality conflicts among team members




Answer: D

___ is a possible cause of cost overruns related to human resource issues.

___ is a possible cause of cost overruns related to human resource issues.

a. unrealistic estimates
b. poor monitoring of progress
c. inaccurate TCO forecast
d. turnover




Answer: D

When an information system does not meet business requirements, causes might include ____.

When an information system does not meet business requirements, causes might include ____.

a. identified requirements
b. adequately defined scope
c. imprecise targets
d. sufficient testing



Answer: C

A continuous risk-tracking process can ____.

A continuous risk-tracking process can ____.

a. identify new risks
b. prevent human resource turnover issues
c. increase employee satisfaction
d. encourage team building



Answer: A

A risk ____ plan is a proactive effort to anticipate a risk and describe an action plan to deal with it.

A risk ____ plan is a proactive effort to anticipate a risk and describe an action plan to deal with it.

a. identification
b. management
c. response
d. balancing


Answer: C

Most risk identifications include a brief description of ____.

Most risk identifications include a brief description of ____.

a. the team member who might cause a risk to occur
b. who would be responsible for responding to a given risk
c. the project manager most vulnerable to a given risk
d. the team member most vulnerable to a given risk


Answer: B

A risk management plan includes a review of ____.

A risk management plan includes a review of ____.

a. employees
b. project scope
c. program code
d. open source



Answer: B

A ____ is an event that could affect a project negatively.

A ____ is an event that could affect a project negatively.

a. menace
b. threat
c. doubt
d. risk

Answer: D

A _____ cannot be started until one or more other tasks are completed.

A _____ cannot be started until one or more other tasks are completed.

a. dependent task
b. concurrent task
c. predecessor task
d. all of the above


Answer: A

When maintaining schedules, if enough ____ and frequent checkpoints exist, problems will be detected rapidly.

When maintaining schedules, if enough ____ and frequent checkpoints exist, problems will be detected rapidly.

a. success indices
b. critical paths
c. milestones
d. all of the above



Answer: C

Project managers always must be aware of the ____ path, so they can monitor the vital tasks and keep the project on track.

Project managers always must be aware of the ____ path, so they can monitor the vital tasks and keep the project on track.

a. vital
b. baseline
c. foundational
d. critical


Answer: D

A ____ path includes all tasks that are vital to the project schedule.

A ____ path includes all tasks that are vital to the project schedule.

a. vital
b. baseline
c. critical
d. foundational



Answer: C

When two or more concurrent tasks depend on a single prior task, the concurrent tasks are called ____ tasks.

When two or more concurrent tasks depend on a single prior task, the concurrent tasks are called ____ tasks.

a. descendent
b. successor
c. children
d. antecedent


Answer: B

Two or more concurrent tasks often depend on a single prior task, which is called a(n) ____ task.

Two or more concurrent tasks often depend on a single prior task, which is called a(n) ____ task.

a. predecessor
b. a priori
c. antecedent
d. ancestor


Answer: A

When several tasks can start at the same time, each is called a(n) ____ task.

When several tasks can start at the same time, each is called a(n) ____ task.

a. synchronous
b. asynchronous
c. baseline
d. concurrent


Answer: D

In a PERT/CPM chart, each task has which of the following ____.

In a PERT/CPM chart, each task has which of the following ____.

a. references to successor tasks
b. references to predecessor tasks
c. start day/date
d. resources allocated



Answer: C

A ____ might involve maximums for one or more resources.

A ____ might involve maximums for one or more resources.

a. successor task
b. task group
c. constraint
d. bottom-up technique




Answer: C

In addition to tasks, every project has ____, which are reference points used to monitor progress and manage the project.

In addition to tasks, every project has ____, which are reference points used to monitor progress and manage the project.

a. targets
b. milestones
c. members
d. workloads


Answer: C

An event is a recognizable reference point that you can use to ____.

An event is a recognizable reference point that you can use to ____.

a. monitor progress
b. assign people
c. manage time
d. allocate money

Answer: A

The first step in creating a WBS is to ____.

The first step in creating a WBS is to ____.

a. mark all recognizable events
b. determine time requirements
c. identify all tasks
d. estimate task completion time and cost



Answer: C

A(n) ____ chart displays complex task patterns and relationships.

A(n) ____ chart displays complex task patterns and relationships.

a. Gantt
b. index
c. PERT/CPM
d. task



Answer: C

Many project managers find ____ charts more helpful for scheduling, monitoring, and controlling projects.

Many project managers find ____ charts more helpful for scheduling, monitoring, and controlling projects.

a. Gantt
b. PERT/CPM
c. index
d. task


Answer: B

The first step in the creation of a PERT/CPM chart is to ____.

The first step in the creation of a PERT/CPM chart is to ____.

a. determine the logical order of project tasks
b. identify the graphical planning aids to use
c. identify all the project tasks
d. determine the status of all tasks



Answer: C

PERT/CPM is called a(n) ____ technique because it analyzes a large, complex project as a series of individual tasks.

PERT/CPM is called a(n) ____ technique because it analyzes a large, complex project as a series of individual tasks.

a. top-down
b. bottom-up
c. indexed
d. cataloging



Answer: B

The accompanying figure shows task ____, which simplify a complex task by combining several activities.

The accompanying figure shows task ____, which simplify a complex task by combining several activities.

a. groups
b. clusters
c. aggregates
d. links



Answer: A

Effective project reporting requires ____.

Effective project reporting requires ____.

a. strong communication skills
b. staffing the project team
c. creating Gantt charts
d. assigning specific tasks to team members


Answer: A

For a project manager, reporting _____.

For a project manager, reporting _____.

a. involves controlling capital
b. includes informing management, users, and the project team about the progress of the project
c. consists of staffing, which includes selecting the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members
d. includes identifying and arranging project tasks and estimating completion times and costs

Answer: B

For a project manager, monitoring _____.

For a project manager, monitoring _____.

a. requires guiding, supervising, and coordinating the project team's workload
b. involves controlling capital
c. consists of staffing, which includes selecting the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members
d. includes identifying and arranging project tasks and estimating completion times and costs

Answer: A

A project manager's scheduling function _____.

A project manager's scheduling function _____.

a. involves guiding, supervising, and coordinating the project team's workload
b. includes monitoring the progress of the project, evaluating results, and taking corrective action when necessary to stay on target
c. involves staffing, which includes selecting the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members
d. includes identifying and arranging project tasks and estimating completion times and costs

Answer: C

A project manager's planning _____.

A project manager's planning _____.

a. involves guiding, supervising, and coordinating the project team's workload
b. includes monitoring the progress of the project, evaluating results, and taking corrective action when necessary to stay on target
c. consists of staffing, which includes selecting the project team and assigning specific tasks to team members
d. includes identifying project tasks and estimating completion times and costs

Answer: D

Which of the following are metrics of a successful project ____.

Which of the following are metrics of a successful project ____.

a. late completion
b. completion with the same personnel as were on the team at the outset
c. completion over budget
d. delivery of a product that satisfies users


Answer: D